INSTALL on RHEL6

1.Archive to use for RHEL6.

[root@lange ~]# scp monk:/root/scripts/OM-*6.5* .
OM-SrvAdmin-Dell-Web-LX-6.5.0-2247.RHEL6.x86_64_A01.5.tar.gz 100% 105MB 35.0MB/s 00:03

2.Required libraries are in yum repo.

yum install sblim-sfcb sblim-sfcc opensman-server opensman-client

3.Run ./srvadmin-install.sh –express

INSTALL on RHEL 5

[root@lange ~]# wget -q -O – http://linux.dell.com/repo/hardware/latest/bootstrap.cgi | bash

INSTALL SRVADMIN TOOLS

[root@lange ~]# yum install srvadmin-all

START THE SERVICE

[root@lange srvadmin]# bash /opt/dell/srvadmin/sbin/srvadmin-services.sh start
Starting Systems Management Device Drivers:
Starting dell_rbu: [ OK ]
Starting ipmi driver: Already started [ OK ]
Starting Systems Management Data Engine:
Starting dsm_sa_datamgrd: [ OK ]
Starting dsm_sa_eventmgrd: [ OK ]
Starting dsm_sa_snmpd: [ OK ]
Starting DSM SA Shared Services: [ OK ]

Starting DSM SA Connection Service: [ OK ]

Installing Grub onto both MBRs
Since the /boot partition is a RAID, grub cannot read it to get the bootloader. It can only access physical drives. Thus, you still use (hd0,0) in this step.

Run grub:

shaggy# grub
You must see GRUB prompt:

grub>

If you are using a RAID 1 mirror disk system, you will want to install grub on all the disks in the system, so that when one disk fails, you are still able to boot. The find command above will list the disks, e.g.

grub> find /boot/grub/stage1
(hd0,0)
(hd1,0)
grub>
Now, if your disks are /dev/sda and /dev/sdb, do the following to install GRUB on /dev/sda MBR:

device (hd0) /dev/sda
root (hd0,0)
setup (hd0)

This will install grub into the /dev/sdb MBR:

device (hd0) /dev/sdb
root (hd0,0)
setup (hd0)

The device command tells grub to assume the drive is (hd0), i.e. the first disk in the system, when it is not necessarily the case. If your first disk fails, however, your second disk will then be the first disk in the system, and so the MBR will be correct.

The grub.conf does change from the normal install. The difference is in the specified root drive, it is now a RAID drive and no longer a physical drive.For example it would look like:

original: http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-software-2/installing-rhel-5-w-software-raid-1-a-646939/

*RHEL5 does not come w/ xfs. Download and compile from here: http://147.52.159.12/mirrors/ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/xfs/xfsprogs/

*If you get a ‘device resource busy error’ then try removing ‘dmraid’ with yum and reboot. http://www.righteoushack.net/?p=197

root@drvault:~# mdadm –create –force /dev/md0 –level=raid5 –spare-devices=1 –raid-devices=11 /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde /dev/sdg /dev/sdh /dev/sdi /dev/sdj /dev/sdk /dev/sdl /dev/sdm
mdadm: /dev/sda appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid5 devices=11 ctime=Wed Feb 9 16:26:28 2011
mdadm: /dev/sdb appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid5 devices=11 ctime=Wed Feb 9 16:26:28 2011
mdadm: /dev/sdc appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid5 devices=11 ctime=Wed Feb 9 16:26:28 2011
mdadm: /dev/sdd appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid5 devices=11 ctime=Wed Feb 9 16:26:28 2011
mdadm: /dev/sde appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid5 devices=10 ctime=Fri Dec 10 13:21:26 2010
mdadm: /dev/sdg appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid5 devices=11 ctime=Wed Feb 9 16:26:28 2011
mdadm: /dev/sdh appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid5 devices=11 ctime=Wed Feb 9 16:26:28 2011
mdadm: /dev/sdi appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid5 devices=11 ctime=Wed Feb 9 16:26:28 2011
mdadm: /dev/sdj appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid5 devices=11 ctime=Wed Feb 9 16:26:28 2011
mdadm: /dev/sdk appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid5 devices=11 ctime=Wed Feb 9 16:26:28 2011
mdadm: /dev/sdl appears to contain an ext2fs file system
size=-1073741824K mtime=Fri Feb 25 11:01:36 2011
mdadm: /dev/sdl appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid5 devices=11 ctime=Wed Feb 9 16:26:28 2011
mdadm: /dev/sdm appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid5 devices=11 ctime=Wed Feb 9 16:26:28 2011
Continue creating array? yes
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.

#partition device

root@drvault:~# parted /dev/md0
GNU Parted 2.2
Using /dev/md0
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type ‘help’ to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/md0 will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? yes
(parted) mkpart primary ext4 0 15TB
(parted) print
Model: Unknown (unknown)
Disk /dev/md0: 20.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt

Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 655kB 15.0TB 15.0TB primary

*format w/ xfs. supports 15TB and greater

Xfs Installation…

RHEL:
yum install gcc+ g++ e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel

Debian:
apt-get install xfsprogs

root@drvault:~# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/md0
meta-data=/dev/md0 isize=256 agcount=32, agsize=152618320 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4883786240, imaxpct=5
= sunit=16 swidth=160 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=521728, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0

root@drvault:~# fsck.xfs
If you wish to check the consistency of an XFS filesystem or
repair a damaged filesystem, see xfs_check(8) and xfs_repair(8).
root@drvault:~# xfs_check /dev/md0

#verify mounting

root@drvault:~# mount /dev/md0 /data
root@drvault:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/drvault-root
900G 1.1G 854G 1% /
none 3.0G 308K 3.0G 1% /dev
none 3.0G 0 3.0G 0% /dev/shm
none 3.0G 40K 3.0G 1% /var/run
none 3.0G 0 3.0G 0% /var/lock
none 3.0G 0 3.0G 0% /lib/init/rw
/dev/sdf1 228M 20M 196M 10% /boot
/dev/md0 19T 5.5M 19T 1% /data

#save new raid information in mdadm conf file. this command will assemble the drives on boot.

mdadm –examine –scan > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

#find uuid and add to fstab

root@drvault:~# ls -la /dev/disk/by-uuid/ | grep md0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2011-02-28 16:33 b63dec53-7c22-4bac-ab48-367da1eadeb9 -> ../../md0

#Add to /etc/fstab

UUID=b63dec53-7c22-4bac-ab48-367da1eadeb9 /data xfs defaults 0 0

#setup email alerts

root@biovault:/usr/local/nrpe# mdadm –monitor –scan –daemonise –mail=root@localhost –delay=600 /dev/md0
4709

TROUBLE SHOOTING:

If this disk “mdadm: Cannot open /dev/sd* Device or resource busy” and/or you cannot zero-block the drive out then try the below. Note you will need dmraid installed to perform actions….

1) Try booting w/ nodmraid option and reboot.

# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,0)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
# initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.18-274.el5)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-274.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet nodmraid
initrd /initrd-2.6.18-274.el5.img

2) if step1 doesn’t work try the below.

[root@nhpvault ~]# mdadm –zero-superblock /dev/sd[i,k]
mdadm: Couldn’t open /dev/sdi for write – not zeroing
mdadm: Couldn’t open /dev/sdk for write – not zeroing

Try this…..

[root@nhpvault ~]# dmraid -R /dev/sd*
ERROR: ddf1: wrong # of devices in RAID set “ddf1_New_VD” [1/2] on /dev/sdi
ERROR: ddf1: wrong # of devices in RAID set “ddf1_New_VD” [1/2] on /dev/sdk
ERROR: only one argument allowed for this option
no raid sets and with names: “/dev/sda1,/dev/sda2,/dev/sdb,/dev/sdc,/dev/sdd,/dev/sde,/dev/sdf,/dev/sdg,/dev/sdh,/dev/sdi,/dev/sdj,/dev/sdk,/dev/sdl”

[root@nhpvault ~]# dmraid -s ddf1_New_VD
*** Group superset .ddf1_disks
–> Active Subset
name : ddf1_New_VD
size : 11720738560
stride : 128
type : stripe
status : ok
subsets: 0
devs : 2
spares : 0
[root@nhpvault ~]# dmraid -x ddf1_New_VD
ERROR: ddf1_New_VD is active and cannot be deleted

[root@nhpvault ~]# dmsetup remove ddf1_New_VD
[root@nhpvault ~]# dmraid -x ddf1_New_VD

About to delete RAID set ddf1_New_VD

WARNING: The metadata stored on the raidset(s) will not be accessible after deletion
Do you want to continue ? [y/n] :y
ERROR: Raid set deletion is not supported in “ddf1″ format

Erase meta data
[root@nhpvault ~]# dmraid -E -r /dev/sdiDo you really want to erase “ddf1″ ondisk metadata on /dev/sdi ? [y/n] :yERROR: ddf1: seeking device “/dev/sdi” to 1536303606530048ERROR: writing metadata to /dev/sdi, offset 3000592981504 sectors, size 0 bytes returned 0ERROR: erasing ondisk metadata on /dev/sdi Zero block all info….

[root@nhpvault ~]# mdadm –zero-superblock /dev/sd[b-l]
mdadm: Unrecognised md component device – /dev/sdb
mdadm: Unrecognised md component device – /dev/sdc
mdadm: Unrecognised md component device – /dev/sdd
mdadm: Unrecognised md component device – /dev/sde
mdadm: Unrecognised md component device – /dev/sdf
mdadm: Unrecognised md component device – /dev/sdg
mdadm: Unrecognised md component device – /dev/sdh
mdadm: Unrecognised md component device – /dev/sdi
mdadm: Unrecognised md component device – /dev/sdj
mdadm: Unrecognised md component device – /dev/sdk
mdadm: Unrecognised md component device – /dev/sdl

**If problem continues after reboot then remove ‘dmraid’

Rsync: Daemon Mode on Nonstandard Port

EditNewManageHistoryPrint

Runs rysnc in deamon mode & non standar port

If the file does not exist, create it, with the contents:

service rsync
{
disable = no #change from yes to no.
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/bin/rsync
server_args = –daemon
log_on_failure += USERID
}

setup share

[root@james ~]# cat > /etc/rsyncd.conf

max connections = 2
log file = /var/log/rsync.log
timeout = 300

[pub]
comment = Random things available for download
path = /pub
read only = yes
list = yes
uid = root #system user for files you want to access.
gid = root
auth users = pub #non system user, located in secrets file.
secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets
hosts allow = 10.200.1.101

Create password file

[root@james ~]# cat > /etc/rsyncd.secrets
pub:pub

[root@james ~]# chmod 700 /etc/rsyncd.secrets

Add to your: “/etc/inetd.conf”:

rsync stream tcp nowait root /usr/bin/rsync rsync –daemon

Modify in /etc/services, or enter nonstantard port. For external mapping of service by client.

rsync 3900/tcp
rsync 3900/udp

Restart xinit.d

[root@james ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

Start rsync daemon (have to specify port)

[root@james ~]# rsync –daemon –port=3900

Verify listening

[root@james ~]# netstat -ntla | grep 3900
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3900 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 10.200.50.100:3900 10.200.1.101:33125 TIME_WAIT
tcp 0 0 :::3900 :::* LISTEN

From client, test connection

root@firefly:~# rsync -avn –port=3900 pub@james::pub /
Password:
receiving file list … done
./

sent 104 bytes received 123 bytes 90.80 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00 (DRY RUN)

Troubleshooting:

tail rsync.log on server.

[root@james ~]# tail -f /var/log/rsync.log

ref:

http://transamrit.net/docs/rsync/

http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6508?page=0,0

If you mount a Windows 7 share using Samba/CIFS you may run into “mount error(12): Cannot allocate memory” if you are using very large files on the Windows machine. Looks like in certain situations Windows needs to be told to run as a file server and to expect large files. You can read more details at Large Files are locking up Windows 7 32 bit and 64 bit, but the solution is to make two registry edits and then restart a service:

Set “HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management\LargeSystemCache” to “1″.
Set “HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanmanServer\Parameters\Size” to “3″.
Restart the “server” service.
Once you have done that you should be able to mount the share using a command like “sudo mount -a” or just reboot the Linux machine.

ref: http://jlcoady.net/windows/how-to-resolve-mount-error12-cannot-allocate-memory-windows-share

1. enable nagios.cmd access.

[root@james conf]# chmod -R 777 /usr/local/nagios/var/rw/
[root@james conf]# ls -la /usr/local/nagios/var/rw/
total 8
drwxrwxrwx 2 nagios nagios 4096 Dec 29 12:51 .
drwxrwxr-x 7 nagios nagios 4096 Dec 29 12:54 ..
prwxrwxrwx 1 nagios nagios 0 Dec 29 12:54 nagios.cmd
prwxrwxrwx 1 nagios nagios 0 Dec 27 16:02 nagios.cmd-old

2. add auth user to access cgi’s in cgi.cfg

use_authenticaiontion=1

add authenticated user (name of user logged in via .htaccess file) or * for all for following.

authorized_for_system_information=*
authorized_for_configuration_information=*
authorized_for_system_commands=*
authorized_for_all_services=*
authorized_for_all_hosts=*
authorized_for_all_service_commands=*
authorized_for_all_host_commands=*

3. nagios.cfg enable check_external_commands=1

4. restart nagios.

Who’s connected to my server?

root@donkey:~# netstat -ntla | grep "80"
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.5:80          206.169.197.253:20277   ESTABLISHED

Grep port for host.

root@donkey:~# lsof -i tcp:80 | grep "20277"
apache2 20114 www-data    9u  IPv4 9576072       TCP donkey.local:www->206-169-197-253.static.twtelecom.net:20277 (ESTABLISHED)


Kill Connection

kill -9 20114

If you connect to vncserver and get a blank grey screen with a consol window then this means that the ~/.vnc/xstartup script is not initializing the windows manager correctly.

For ubuntu, edit the script (comment out lines) to the following…

#!/bin/sh
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
# unset SESSION_MANAGER
# exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
#xsetroot -solid grey
#vncconfig -iconic &
#xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1 #require for proper keyboard mapping
gnome-session
#twm &
\
Then, run ‘vncserver’ to create a new session based on the above script!

Setup Squid for Linux

Internet Browser Client Setup

Firefox > preferences > settings > Manual Proxy Configuration

IP: (ip for squid server) PORT: 3128 (defautol squid port)

Squid Server Setup

apt-get install squid3
pico /etc/squid3/squid.conf

Add the following…

acl client1 src 10.10.10.2/255.255.255.0
http_access allow client1

Restart squid.

Install SARG reporting tool

sudo apt-get install sarg
edit /etc/squid/sarg.conf
modify squid log file location to:
/var/log/squid3/access.log

run ‘sarg’

look in /var/www/squid-reports for html files of acces logs!

Works!

If you are unable to get the proper permissions/access on your system because of a shared hosting environment then you may just want to dump your local database and send it to a remote server. This is a simple way to setup a daily copy.

1. Create user called ‘remote’ on the slave (destination for backup) that you can access from the master (the data that needs to be backed up)

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* to remote@'MASTERIPADDRESS' IDENTIFIED BY 'PASSHERE';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Note:
*REPLICATION CLIENT Gives the right to the user to ask where the slaves/masters are.
*REPLICATION SLAVE Needed for the replication slaves (to read binlogs from master).

IMPORTANT! – Make sure /etc/mysql/my.cnf bind-address is not 127.0.0.1 – if so comment. If change, you will need to restart mysql.

2. Verify you can connect from the master to the slave.

# mysql -h ipaddresstoslave -u remote -p

3. Create a script to run the commands.

#!/usr/bin/python
import os
import datetime
file='mysql-dump-all-%s.sql' % (datetime.date.today())
print "Creating backup file..."
os.system('mysqldump --all-databases -u jester_root -pREMOTEPASS > ~/'+file)
print "Dumping to titan..."
os.system('mysql -h IPTOSLAVE -u remote -pREMOTEPASS < ~/'+file)
print "Deleting local sql file..."
os.system('rm ~/'+file)


4. Add file to cron

Done!

#Grant options: ALL, SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT


mysql> GRANT ALL ON tso_inventory.* to 'jjest'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'robin45';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


Verify user was added….


mysql> show grants for 'jjest'@'%';
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for jjest@% |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'jjest'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '500686d93a92eb7d' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `ServerInventory`.* TO 'jjest'@'%' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


Revoke privs, if needed


mysql> revoke all privileges on ServerInventory.* from 'jjest'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show grants for 'jjest'@'%';
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for jjest@% |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'jjest'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '500686d93a92eb7d' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+


mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Verify setup…

mysql> select host, password, user from user;

Need to convert RPM to DEB

apt-get install alien.

jesterj@1029384756:~$ sudo alien -k ./Desktop/VMware-Player-2.5.3-185404.i386.rpm
Warning: Skipping conversion of scripts in package VMware-Player: postinst prerm
Warning: Use the –scripts parameter to include the scripts.
vmware-player_2.5.3-185404_i386.deb generated
jesterj@1029384756:~$ sudo dpkg -i vmware-player_2.5.3-185404_i386.deb
Selecting previously deselected package vmware-player.
(Reading database … 194000 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking vmware-player (from vmware-player_2.5.3-185404_i386.deb) …
Setting up vmware-player (2.5.3-185404) …
jesterj@1029384756:~$

>>> import time
>>> timestamp=float(’1251157271.796′)
>>> print time.gmtime(timestamp)
time.struct_time(tm_year=2009, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=24, tm_hour=23, tm_min=41, tm_sec=11, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=236, tm_isdst=0)
>>> start_time=time.gmtime(timestamp)
>>> for x in start_time:
…     print x
…
2009
8
24
23
41
11
0
236
0

$ apt-get install memcached python-memcache

jesterj@jesterj-laptop:~$ python
Python 2.6.4 (r264:75706, Dec 7 2009, 18:45:15)
[GCC 4.4.1] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>import memcache
>>>memcache = memcache.Client(['10.10.10.45:11211'])
>>>datavar="some data here"
>>>memcache.set('1234',datavar,60)
>>>memcache.get('1234')

‘some data here’

Ref: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/ha-memcached-interfaces-python.html

Do the same above to connect from remote machine…

Tuple are immutable. Lists are mutable.

a=(1,2,3) #tuples have ()
a[0]=100

Error! Tuple values cannot be changed!

a=[1,2,3] #list have brackets
a[0]=100

success!

Note: dicts have curly braces ie: a={}

Install mdadm
apt-get install mdadm

Create the fisrt striped set:
sudo mdadm –create –force /dev/md0 –level=stripe –chunk=4096 –raid-devices=2 /dev/sdc /dev/sdd

Create the second striped set:
sudo mdadm –create –force /dev/md1 –level=stripe –chunk=4096 –raid-devices=2 /dev/sde /dev/sdf

You now have two 2tb striped arrays. We now want to take those and tell mdadm to mirror them w/ Raid 1, hence the
name Raid0+1.

Raid 1 both of your stripe sets
sudo mdadm –create –force /dev/md2 –level=mirror –chunk=4096 –raid-devices=2 /dev/md0 /dev/md1

Partition the drive w/ fdisk

fdisk /dev/md2
-Create a new partition.
-Write to disk

Next, format the new drive

mkfs.ext3 /dev/md2

Finally, mount the drive and use!

mount -t ext3 /dev/md2 /mnt/raid1

View the details of the array…

mdadm -D /dev/md2

$ cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid0] [raid1]
md2 : active raid1 md1[1] md0[0]
1953521600 blocks [2/2] [UU]
[===========>.........] resync = 59.3% (1160324480/1953521600) finish=973.8min speed=13574K/sec

md1 : active raid0 sdf[1] sde[0]
1953521664 blocks 4096k chunks

md0 : active raid0 sdd[1] sdc[0]
1953521664 blocks 4096k chunks

unused devices:

Need to install ‘antiword’ debian package then read output from CLI.

import commands
output=commands.getoutput('antiword /home/jesterj/Desktop/test.doc')
print output

Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb.
Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb.
Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb.
Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb.
Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb.
Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb.
Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb.
Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb.
Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb.
Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb. Mary had a little lamb.

Write to word…

Pretty easy here. Just write to a file and append with .doc.

f=open("newfile.doc","wr")
f.write(output)
f.close()

Badow!

Symmetrical difference calculates the difference of not whats in the just one list. It calculates the items that are not common in both lists!

list1=['donkey','balls']
list2=['donkey','scrotom']
set1=set(list1)
set2=set(list2)
print set1

set(['donkey', 'balls'])

print set2

set(['donkey', 'scrotom'])

symdiff = set1 ^ set2
symdiff

set(['balls', 'scrotom'])

def main():

cases=['auth','transact','dns','network','ssl']

print sys.argv

try:

if sys.argv[1]=='-t':

if sys.argv[2] not in cases or len(sys.argv[2])==0:

print "*Must specify a valid case: %s " % cases

exit()

else:

case=sys.argv[2]

if case=='auth':

test_authentication()

if case=='transact':

test_transaction_problem(transact_url)

if case=='dns':

test_dns(hosts)

if case=='network':

test_network(hosts)

if case=='ssl':

test_ssl(hosts)

else:

print "You must specify a valid test %s" % cases

except:

print "You must specify option -t followed by test option %s" % cases
		

*NOTE: def() method/function must be defined before it is called. If the def is below where it is called will get a ‘NameError: name ‘donkey’ is not defined’

def donkey():

print “hello”

a=donkey()

import zipfile

a=zipfile.ZipFile('/path/to/zipfile.ZIP')
for x in a.namelist():
...     if x.endswith('.zip'):
...             info=a.getinfo(x)
...             print "%s %s" % (info.filename, info.file_size)
...

123.zip 4563
254.zip  5435
donkey.zip 8979

import difflib

a=difflib.get_close_matches

a("Phil Collins", ["Phil Colins","PhilCollins","Phil Collins","Phil Collins - Genesis"])

['Phil Collins', 'PhilCollins', 'Phil Colins']
		

# umount -f /dev/sdb1
umount: /dev/sdb1: device is busy
umount: /dev/sdb1: device is busy
# fuser -m /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: 3322

(3322 is id of the process that uses the device. if you like to know what it is, you may try this:

# ps aux | grep 3322)

# kill -9 3322
# umount /dev/sdb1

Also dmsetup….just lvm mounts?

ls -lh /dev/mapper/
dmsetup remove_all

Many times when you parse a file using split() or the csv module you return strings that have garbage characters in the line. Take the below string for example…

>>> badstring=’\xef\xbb\xbf#Some information’
>>> print badstring
#Some information
>>> if badstring.startswith(‘#’):
…     print “Hello”
…
>>>

The above doesn’t print ‘Hello’ becuase of the garbage data. So we need to create a method to remove the junk chars.

Here is what we do….

def remove_garbage():

w
14:16:50 up 2 days, 23:54,  4 users,  load average: 0.24, 0.16, 0.07
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
jesterj  tty7     :0               Fri14    3days 24:30m  0.30s x-session-manag
jesterj  pts/0    :0.0             14:13    0.00s  0.10s 19.94s gnome-terminal
jesterj  pts/2    :0.0             11:52    2:23   0.20s  0.10s ssh jesterj@pse
jesterj  pts/1    :0.0             11:23    2:34   0.16s  0.06s ssh jesterj@pse

ubuntu@ubuntu:/mnt$ sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/md0 /mnt/md0

mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md0,
missing codepage or other error
(could this be the IDE device where you in fact use
ide-scsi so that sr0 or sda or so is needed?)
In some cases useful info is found in syslog – try
dmesg | tail  or so

$ sudo mdadm –assemble /dev/md0 /dev/sdd /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
mdadm: /dev/md0 has been started with 3 drives.

$sudo mount /dev/md0 /data/

OR….

Simply run this command.

mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

Mount again and all should work!

import sys, socket

hostname = socket.gethostname()

print "Host name:", hostname